Why Race And Ethnicity Have An Effect On Political...

People hate to be isolated. Sadly, people are the ones who actually initiates isolation. In some way, we are harming each other. World is becoming a very horrible place; intelligent people are shunned, education is shot, ignorance is rewarded and police are corrupt. We can’t live with each other when a race is isolated. A person who is different in community by his or her skin color is classified as an outcast. Outcasts have no right speak up. That is why I think race and ethnicity have an effect on political participation. Although lately there are some improvements, that didn’t have a big impact on people. Considering a variety of political acts, we find that, in the aggregate, African-Americans are slightly, and Latinos are†¦show more content†¦People do not care about what is right, they care about what is popular and the only way to get over this pointless view; humanity should improve as in one group. Bottom line is that political participation may seem approachable, but the people who have the guts to talk to millions should be awarded not shunned just because they are different. Political participation is valid; however, we still see many problems. For instance, voter identification requirements have a substantially negative impact on the voting power of several voting groups. People who belong to a group which is the minority, face with some problems. They are inhibited by the majority to keep the constant rate of vote in order to reach to success. In other words, they are excluded from the society. There may be people who are aware of this situation but for those who aren’t should know that Texas Republicans have a reason to stop minority voting. Ginsburg noted the motive behind the tougher ID law, which is that the state’s ruling class of mostly white Republicans is less and less representative of the state’s population as a whole. â€Å"In light of the â€Å"seismic demographic shift† in Texas between 2000 and 2010, making Texas a â€Å"majority-minority state,† the District Court observed that the Texas Legislature an d Governor had an evident incentive to â€Å"gain partisan advantage by suppressing† the â€Å"votes of African-Americans and Latinos.† From this information another ugly side of humanity can be seen.

Cell Reflection free essay sample

Reflection Questions: Summarize your amino acid comparison in paragraph form. To guide your summary, reflect on the following questions. What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code? It means that all extinct organisms have all the same genetic code. How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? the near-universal genetic code is that all extant things share some type of common ancestor. How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the â€Å"RNA World† hypothesis, essential to the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? They reproduce, and could have been formed through abiotic chemistry on the early Earth. How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to determine how closely related different species are? JvThe more alike the letters are in a species, the more recent the ancestor was. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the ancestor was recent then the more alike the two different species will be. Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical coding sequence. What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and chimpanzees and most distantly related? Explain your answer. Humans are most related to Rhesus monkey,Horses and donkeys. The are distantly related to Bakers Yeast and Candida Yeast. References Axelrod, D. 2017. Cell-substrate contacts illuminated by total internal reflection fluorescence. on 12 May 2017. KAY, Q., DAOUD, H. and STIRTON, C. 2017. Pigment distribution, light reflection and cell structure in petals. on 12 May 2017. Mattheyses, A., Simon, S. and Rappoport, J. 2017. Imaging with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for the cell biologist. on 12 May 2017. Stockton, R. 2017. B-wave of the electroretinogram. A reflection of ON bipolar cell activity. on 12 May 2017. Verschueren, H. 2017. Interference reflection microscopy in cell biology: methodology and applications. Jcs.biologists.org. Downloaded from http://jcs.biologists.org/content/75/1/279.short on 12 May 2017.

Planning History Utopian Planners

Introduction Urban planning has evolved into different forms throughout the history of cities and city planning. Urban planning aims at improving a city to cater for the future social and economic needs of its inhabitants. It seeks to link the existing knowledge with the appropriate forms of action (Sager 1992, P. 67). Planning, therefore, has to be visionary with an appropriate idea about the future design of a city and the implementation of that design.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning History: Utopian Planners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern urban planning entails two different approaches; visionary city planning that involves radical changes in the design of the city with substantial social and economic changes, and the institutionalized city planning, which proposes changes to the existing city structures and is affected by the prevailing economic and political forces within the city. Histori cally, urban city planning began in the nineteenth century with the sole purpose to regulate the new urban growth brought about by industrialization and improvement of transport and communication following the invention of the railway (Sitte 1965, P. 43). Military strategies to control territories and aesthetics of expression of cities significantly influenced visionary urban planning in the nineteenth century. Although visionary city planning made many achievements in city building, many of which are still monumental and beautiful today, it remained insensitive to the wider needs of the society and would have been disastrous if implemented on a large scale.  The poor living conditions of the urban poor, forced most middle class urban dwellers towards the end of the nineteenth century to begin agitating for reforms in city planning, which culminated into utopian planning (Cherry 1970, P. 87). Central to this movement was Ebenezer Howard, who conceptualized the ‘garden cityâ €™ to be the ideal alternative to the city planning of the nineteenth century. The garden city was an attempt to connect the vision for a new social order to the spatial expression of the city (Fisherman 1977, P. 23). Le Corbusier conceptualized the â€Å"Contemporary City for Three Million People† in 1922 and the â€Å"Radiant City† in 1935 both of which proposed a centralized city with high population and many facilities including skyscraper buildings and residential apartments (Cherry 1970, p. 89). Frank Lloyd Wright on the other hand, envisioned the Broadacre City plan in 1935, which was a decentralized city with low population and suburban residential homes (Mumford 1946, p. 42). Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City The garden city was a brilliant idea conceived by Ebenezer Howard in response to the environmental and social changes that were results of industrial revolution in Britain. Industrial revolution encouraged migration into urban areas and consequently led to poor and unhealthy living conditions in cities.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a bid to curb overpopulation in cities and the associated deterioration of social facilities, Howard envisioned an organized planned dispersal, whereby people could set up industries in towns to provide the services and various occupations to the people of a particular culture within the town (Gossel Leuthauser 1991, p.94). He also envisioned that the population size in the towns be reduced to about 30,000 inhabitants so that the inhabitants could live and work within walking distance. In this way, the garden cities could provide social facilities near the residential places and avoid overpopulation in cities. The garden cities also comprised of a spacious layout to for occupation by residential suburban houses, parking space for the residents and enough space for schools and other social amenities.  The garden city envisioned the larger urban system as a network of interlinked communities. It proposed a close link between the town and the countryside with a clear definition of the country, which the design would reserve for agriculture. It also provided for easy access by the urban residents to the countryside (Hall Ward 1998, p.71). It also envisioned the creation of common developmental and social facilities that would lead to neighborhoods and estates within cities. To control the city development, Howard envisioned a unified land ownership, whereby the trust ownership controlled the agricultural zone. He also envisioned a cooperative municipal enterprise, which would regulate trade and industry in the cities without affecting the individual freedom with regard to trade and industry. The main major purpose of the garden cities was to promote dispersal of the people from major cities using the three magnets concept. The garden city provided a channel for an or ganized relocation of the city dwellers to other towns to relieve the pressure on social facilities and the impacts of overpopulation in the major cities in the nineteenth century (Hall Ward 1998, p.81). However, dispersal could have happened in any case because of majority of the urban dwellers avoiding the problems of overpopulation could have sought a better environment either in the suburbs or in smaller towns away from the cities (Fishman1977, p.153). Still, the garden city was an ideal alternative to reducing congestion in the cities. The cities of the nineteenth century experienced traffic congestion and provided little room for expansion. In contrast, the planned new towns provided an opportunity to avoid problems of overpopulation by providing the right infrastructure to match the expanding population growth in the major cities.  Despite Howard’s garden city concept providing an opportunity to reduce urban congestion by promoting decentralization of industries and facilities, its implementation could have been disastrous.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Planning History: Utopian Planners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Howard, the social city concept entailed one garden city giving rise to another garden city after attaining a population threshold of 30,000 inhabitants (Howard 1902, p.14). However, this would have produced a cluster of interdependent towns that would be expensive to administer. Verma (1996) points out that despite the noble nature of the garden city concept, the many new regional centres would have been economically expensive to administer as opposed to a small number of large centres (p.43). Fundamental to the concept of the garden city was the neighbourhood idea, where the people would live within walking distance to their workplaces, shops, primary schools and public spaces. The idea behind this concept was the need to establish some kin d of balance between work and homes. However, Howard based this concept on the belief that the population growth would match industrial expansion to cut down the level of commuting back and forth the workplaces. The concept would not have worked; firstly, given that industrial growth leads to population increase due to attraction of immigrant workers into cities, establishment of smaller towns would not have encouraged outward labour mobility since many people worked in the industrialized cities (Cherry 1970, p.61). Secondly, the workers in the new towns would have been still dependent on the employers in the major cities and thus would continue working in the major cities. Under the garden city concept, people from all social classes were to move to the smaller towns including the employers. This would be possible through provision of various incentives to employers, thereby attracting them to invest in the small towns. Such incentives included already built factories on lease amon g others (Fishman 1977, p.154). However, given that, the cost of operating a new franchise is high few employers could have relocated their businesses to the smaller towns. In addition, relocation of large factories would have exerted unprecedented pressure on infrastructural facilities further affecting transport and communication. Howard envisioned that the establishment of the garden city would encourage people to move into the city and as a result, the population would steadily rise to maximum of 30,000 inhabitants, after which another city would arise (Fishman1977, p.321). In addition, Howard envisioned that the establishment of the garden city would result into a rise in land value, which would generate enough money to pay off the investors and finance schools, parks, museums and other public places. However, Howard failed to note that for the land value to rise, productivity in the garden city had also to be high (Sager 1992, p.73). Obviously, rise in land values alone would not achieve productivity of the garden city; it also required increase in productivity of the enterprises and factories established in the garden cities. In this regard, investors could only benefit if there was a rise in productivity of their enterprises rather than on rise in land value.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Surplus productivity in the garden city would encourage capital and labour flows into the garden city, which would create more congestion in the garden city than anywhere else would.  The physical realization of Howard’s garden city was in the construction of the city of Letchworth guided by architects, Raymond Urwin and Barry Parker. The design of the residential homes of this garden city was attractive but it took longer than Howard had anticipated for the city to attract people (Glasscock 1996, p.24). After 35 years of Letchworth’s establishment, it had only 15,000 inhabitants compared to the population of 30,000 anticipated. In addition, most workers could not afford houses in the garden city with some opting to commute from other towns while others opted for cheap informal settlements set up by speculators. The envisioned idea of the garden city did not match the Letchworth city in terms of architecture and social life. Frank Lloyd Wright’s and the Broada cre City Broadacre City was Frank Lloyd Wright’s concept for the ideal multi-cantered, low density, suburbs. The utopian planner introduced this scheme with an aim of decongesting cities in 1932 in his book, The Disappearing City. In terms of population density, Broadacre city, catered for a low population with a density of five people per acre. The scheme aimed at reducing congestion in cities to avoid development of informal settlement. In contrast to Ebenezer’s garden city, which involved turning the city into a suburban countryside, the Broadacre city converted the countryside into a city (Rybczynski 2005, p. 17). The spread of the Broadacre city would constitute an urban where each family had access to small farms and recreational sites with industrial and other urban facilities placed a few miles from the residential places. The Broadacre city plan embodied economic reforms based on Wright’s model of democracy, which he described as Usonia. The Usonia was against Marxist’s socialism ideology and Wright derived it from the ideas of the nineteenth century utopians like Edward Bellamy and Thorstein Veblen. The Wright’s plan allowed the families to own homes and relieved them from property owners. Wright assumed that the land use would be the responsibility of the owners (Rybczynski 2005, p.132). Under Wright’s plan, the land would be public and then redistributed to the private owners including families, who would use the land productively. Therefore, the Usonia concept opposed cooperation but encouraged individualism whereby it encouraged private ownership of land. The Broadacre city offered an opportunity to ordinary people to live in countryside lifestyle while enjoying the economic opportunities and recreations associated with urban centres.  Wright’s plan envisioned that the residential houses adopt any design the owners preferred with no two houses built the same so long as the structures, the constru ction method and the materials used in the construction were integral and natural. A central civil authority would have the responsibility of determining what is natural and integral to the place. The plan envisioned an â€Å"a sprawling, open, individualistic structure† where families would live in suburbs surrounding urban centres (Duany, Zyberk, Speck 1992, p. 54). Wright realized that in his plan physically separate the communities. The plan brought communities of interest together through communication and transportation and the process would replace the physical communities of a place. However, Mumford criticised the plan’s suggestion of establishing an individualistic structure by referring to it as being antisocial that would affect the decongestion of the cities. It is evident that Wright’s plan would have turned out to be disastrous if implemented. The suburbia would not match Broadacre City’s low densities, which Wright envisioned would become suburbs. Under the Broadacre plan, the buildings were concentrated in the city centre, where offices and industries were located. This would have contributed to congestion within the city, as more activities were concentrated there (Duany, Zyberk, Speck 1992, p.231). Wright’s Broadacre city intended to reduce congestion from the city centre; however, concentration and dispersal are a common occurrence in cities. In addition, Wright assumed that the rise in land value would promote economic development and improvement in the standards of living. However, land alone cannot contribute to economic prosperity particularly in cities (Rybczynski 2005, p. 42). Economic prosperity in cities allows more people to own land and homes hence his assumption that increase in land value would lead to dispersal could have turned out to be incorrect as more people could afford land leading to concentration. Wright never envisioned the suburban homes to be sites of wealth production in the fut ure. Nowadays, suburban homesteads can be used to generate income through crop farming and livestock rearing, which can support families living within city suburbs.  Broadacre plan was not fully implemented as Wright had envisioned. Nowadays, the city suburbs do not match what Wright had envisioned in his Broadacre city plan (Hall, Ward 1998, p. 75). This indicates an appropriate judgment considering that the rationale behind Broadacre City was Wright’s program of social reform. In essence, the substance of Broadacre City was aesthetic and to curb the problems occasioned by overpopulation (Ritzdorf 1996, p. 212). Wright envisioned a system of governance in Broadacre city that promoted architecture and aesthetics with regard to particular culture rather than on physical city construction laws. Wright did not seek to protect nature but rather he proposed the establishment of homes in the countryside (Muschamp 2001, p. 67). This would have affected nature and wildlife. Wright defended his plan by suggesting that establishment of the city within the country side would not affect nature but would contribute to improved quality of the building and the city. However, establishment of human settlements in countryside forests would have adversely affected the wildlife. In addition, the Broadacre city plan cannot be a conventional architectural design for all cities because of its emphasis on aesthetics but rather a plan designed to redeem a particular city from the challenges of high population by promoting dispersal. Nevertheless, Wright’s plan would have found a role in the modern urban planning, which increased demand for aesthetics as its central aspect characterizes (Duany, Zyberk, Speck 1992, p. 27). Most people demand public action to prevent acquisition of public places as part of aesthetics. In this regard, people feel that aesthetics, as enshrined in Wright’s plan, are both a public and private affair and building homes away from the city center is a common phenomenon nowadays. LeCorbusier and the Radiant city LeCorbusier’s Radiant city concept arose out of a new concept of expanding the individual freedoms and establishing a capitalist economy. The plan involved clearance of the existing prehistoric cities followed by the rebuilding of a modern city using modern architectural designs (Le Corbusier 1967, p. 41). Under this plan, quality housing, les unites, would be available to everyone based on the size of each family. He envisioned a city with buildings five meters above the ground and therefore ensuring allocation of more land to nature. Within the les unites, would be pedestrian streets linking buildings together (Richards 2003, p.114). Le Corbusier suggests that the center of the radiant city would mainly composed of commercial buildings mainly skyscrapers (about 5%) while the surrounding area (95%) would be occupied by trees and parks. Residential buildings taking a zigzag shape would surround the city center. The residential buildings would house catering and accommodation services. In essence, Le Corbusier based his plan on the belief that modern age architecture should be suitable and expressive of modernism. In the Radiant city design, he employed architectural skills and picture designs to develop his idea of the city as opposed to a rational basis (Etlin 1994, p. 72). Le Corbusier, unlike Howard, did not belief in the natural economic order but believed that leadership within the society was important (Serenyi 1975, 82). In his plan of the radiant city, Le Corbusier envisioned a pyramid of hierarchies with the workers occupying the bottom position so that the order would prevail in the society (Fisherman 1977, p. 211). The leadership would occupy the top position in his plan of the radiant city for easy administrative control of the workers. Le Corbusier envisioned social lifestyle of the citizens of the radiant city. He saw that division of labor within the society wou ld promote unity and cooperation, which is necessary to promote economic growth (Fisherman 1977, p. 65). Unlike his first design of the Contemporary city of three million people, where he designed the residential buildings according to economic classes arranged around the business center of the city, he designed the Radiant city for all people with less regard to the economic classes (Le Corbusier1967, p. 87). The les unites accommodated every member of the society regardless of his/her economic status and promoted cooperation and equality (Fisherman1977, p. 41). Additionally, Le Corbusier integrated nature into the residential areas by allocating less land to residential housing and the rest to nature.  Despite Le Corbusier design of the Radiant city providing a way of promoting equality and individual freedoms, the plan raised many concerns. Kennedy (1998, p. 53) believed that Le Corbusier individual freedom that were promoted by the Radiant city design were not personal liberti es since Le Corbusier did not consult the citizens for whom he was planning for (Curtis1986, p. 112). His design of the facilities, services, and rules were more favorable to him rather than to the other citizens reducing the citizens into mere performers with no say in issues affecting their social life (Verma 1996, p. 72). Moreover, under the Radiant city plan, individuals had no say in the administration or governance issues affecting their lives and the plan expected them to act rationally all the time with antisocial behavior not conceived in his plan (Kennedy 1998, p.54). In this respect, the plan did not cater for social problems such as crime in the society. In addition, the plan did not address the needs of minority members of the society but rather considered that all citizens were equal. However, it was highly unlikely that all the people would behave rationally with no criminal or social problems taking place within the radiant city. In this regard, Le Corbusier assumpti on that humans would behave rationally with no crime or any social problems occurring was rather naà ¯ve than real (Kennedy 1998, p. 63). In the radiant city, Le Corbusier notion of authority was rather bureaucratic and patriarchal than administrative (Sennett 1980, p. 74). The plan, less grand unities, reserved for the administration the top part of the residential houses consisting of multi-storey buildings and skyscrapers, which represented a paternalistic authority (Kennedy, 1998). In addition, Hawkins (1997) while supporting the radiant city design concept as a way of providing housing for the masses in the wake of unprecedented population growth occasioned by industrial revolution argues that the design would have ultimately led to congestion in future (, p. 82). Conclusion The theories of Howard, Wright, and Le Corbusier were remarkable providing an alternative to the architectural designs of the nineteenth century urban planning. In addition, they offered solutions to the s ocial problems experienced in the nineteenth century cities and promoted quality of living for the citizens. However, the plans failed to address all the social aspects affecting the nineteenth century cities and consequently their implementation would have produced disastrous results. Despite the plans having a visionary view of connecting humans with nature, they failed to address issues related to human history and the future population growth needs. Reference List Cherry, G., 1970. Town Planning in the Social Context. London: Leonard Hill Curtis, W., 1986. Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli International  Publications. Duany, A., Zyberk, E., Speck, J., 1992. Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the  Decline of the American Dream. New York: Routledge Etlin, R., 1994. Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier: The Romantic Legacy.  New York: Manchester University Press Fishman, R., 1977. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT  Press.  Glasscock, R., 1996. Ebenezer Howard: 1850-1928 and the Garden  City. Advanced journal in Policy Studies: Sustainable Urban Design, 15(7). pp. 126-142. Gossel, P., Leuthauser, G., 1991. Architecture in the Twentieth Century,  Berlin: Benedikt Taschen Hall, P., Ward, C., 1998. Sociable Cities: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard John. New  York: Wiley Sons. Howard, E., 1902. Garden Cities of To-morrow. London: Routledge. Kennedy, R., 1998. Le Corbusier and the Radiant City Contra: True Urbanity  and the Earth. Advanced journal in Policy Studies: Sustainable Urban Design, 15(7), pp. 221-223 Le Corbusier., 1967. The Radiant City. New York: The Orion Press  Mumford, L., 1946. Green-Belt Cities: The British Contribution. London: Faber and  Faber Muschamp, H., 2001. File Under Architecture. New York: MIT Press Richards, S., 2003. Le Corbusier and the Concept of Self New Haven  London: Yale University Press. Ritzdorf, M., 1996. Feminist Thoughts on the Theory and Practice of P lanning.  Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Rybczynski, W., 2005. City Life. New York. Blackwell publishers Sager, T., 1992. Why Plan? A Multi-Rationality Foundation for Planning. Scandinavian  Housing Planning Research, 9, pp. 129-147 Sennett, R., 1980. Authority. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.  Hall Publishers. Serenyi, P., 1975. Le Corbusier in Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall  Publishers. Sitte, C., 1965. City Planning According to its Artistic Principles. New York: Random  House Verma, N., 1996. Pragmatic Rationality and Planning Theory. Journal of Planning  Education and Research, 16 (1), pp. 5-14 This essay on Planning History: Utopian Planners was written and submitted by user Coen Sweet to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Adsl Modems Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Free Essays

Adsl Modems Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Free Essays Adsl Modems Does the humble telephone lines play a major role in shaping the third millennium? Can a mere pair of thin copper wires twisted around each other transmit Internet data reliably and securely at blazing fast speed, making it possible to view high-quality moving images, sound and vast amounts of data on your personal computer screen or television? The answer is yes, as the growing success of DSL (digital subscriber line) technology abundantly demonstrates. The capacity of a communications channel depends on its bandwidth and its signal-to-noise ratio. A voice connection through a conventional phone network uses a bandwidth of about 3,000 hertz (Hz): from about 300 Hz to 3,300 Hz. An analog modem operating at 33.6 kilobits per second (kbps) requires a slightly wider bandwidth 3,200 Hz and needs a very good connection, one with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Modems operating at 56 kbps achieve their rates by taking advantage of digital connections that circumvent some sources of noise in transmissions toward the end user. But these bit rates are far from the maximum possible on a twisted pair alone. One process that limits bandwidth and signal strength is the steady attenuation of the signal as it travels down the line, with the higher frequencies being affected more severely. Greater capacity is therefore available if the lines are kept short. Originally, the Discrete Multitone approach was intended for sending entertainment video over telephone wires. Because such use relies principally on one-way transmission, most of the subchannels were devoted to the downstream signal, carrying about 6 Mbps, with about 0.6 Mbps available in the other direction. This asymmetric form of DSL has become known as ADSL, and the signal coding is now a worldwide standard. Although the video application has not yet borne fruit, asymmetric transmission fortuitously lends itself to browsing on the World Wide Web. Over the past year ADSL has begun to be widely installed in telephone networks for always-on Internet access, typically operating at several hundreds of kbps or higher over phone wires up to about 5.5 kilometers in length. The beauty of ADSL, unlike the multilevel coding used in HDSL, is that the data can use channels operating above the voice frequency band, so a single phone line can simultaneously transmit voice and high-speed data. The newest standard of ADSL is G lite which is just for home users, a global standard that limits the data rates to 1.5 Mbps downstream to the consumer and about 0.5 Mbps upstream. By limiting the speed G.lite is able to operate reliably on more than 70 percent of unaltered phone lines and lowers costs and power usage. Home computers containing G.lite-ready circuitry are already being sold. ADSL has a number of advantages over systems that use a cable television network. With ADSL the signal on your line is not shared with other users. Where as cable modems are, which work over a giant network (party line) when someone else is receiving data, someone could be listening in on your data signal. Where as telephone wires, on the other hand, are physically secure. The backbone networks for ADSL carry composite signals for a few hundred consumers at 155 Mbps and up. A television channel has an effective throughput of only about 24 Mbps, greatly limiting its effectiveness under heavy use by hundreds of cable modems. The ADSL traffic also benefits from a statistical economy of scalefor example, 1,550 people sharing a backbone of 155 Mbps will experience better performance than 240 sharing 24 Mbps. Although cable networks cover 90 percent of the homes in the U.S., they do not serve many businesses. Telephone networks are ubiquitous. Moreover, for effective use of cable modems the cable operator must invest billions to upgrade the cable network with fiber optics and two-way transmission equipment; ADSL, on the other hand, takes advantage of the same kind of telephone pairs that Alexander Graham Bell used in the 19th century. Web Sites xdslresource.com/xDSLFAQ.shtm http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/x/xDSL.html everythingdsl.com/

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Article review - Essay Example Examples of new media include but are not limited to the Internet, computer multimedia, and CD-ROMS. Television programs, books, and movies are not included in the new media until they allow digital interactivity. New media in general and the Internet in particular is the most important and frequently used source of information in the contemporary age because of many reasons; Availability of information is 24/7, there is a wide variety of sources of information including journal articles, blogs, and threads, Internet is one of the cheapest sources of information, and the content can be retrieved, used, and sent to the desired destination all at the same time. New media is frequently accused of many negative effects in our life in terms of obesity, wastage of time, and much more, which is not right. Saying that new media has had only negative effects on people is not only a very broad generalization of its effects, but also very reckless approach towards the analysis of its effects. C ritics accuse new media of spreading obesity among the teenagers and young adults whereas the real responsibility to keep themselves smart rests with the very teenagers and young adults. They need to manage their time better so that they do find time for some physical workout. Accusing new media of causing people to waste time is also wrong. Critics say that people spend hours and hours on social media websites, which breaks their connection with the physical world. This is so untrue! In fact, to much an extent, the activities people used to do in the physical world are now performed in the virtual world which actually saves their time. Before, people needed time to hang out with friends to socialize with them. Nowadays, all they need is a computer with an Internet connection to chat with their friends on daily basis. All the extra time wasted otherwise in going out is saved and may be put to positive use. New media is accused of causing social exclusion in people as they donâ€℠¢t find time to socialize with others. The reality is exactly the opposite of this. New media has actually served as a platform to promote social networking and relations. People make new friends and can chat with them 24/7 irrespective of the geographic distances. In his article, Andrew Keen says that Google is not our friend and the rationale he puts forth to support his opinion is that it is protruding too much into our life. Most of the literature that criticizes Internet for creating negative effects in our life plays with words. For example, Andrew Keen says in his article, â€Å"Having successfully become our personal librarian, Google now wants to be our personal oracle. It wants to learn all about us, know us better than we know ourselves, to transform itself from a search engine into a psychoanalyst's couch or a priest's confessional† (Keen, 2007). In thus sentence, Andrew Keen has projected Google as a noun, like it is a person who is manipulating our life. Google is just a search engine that cannot possibly want or learn like living beings do. If there are articles on Google that dictate us what to do throughout the day, it is our choice to read them or not, or even use the information in our everyday life after reading it. Michael Gerson says. â€Å"in the online world of Second Life, many people prefer to take the shape of

Psychological-profiling-of-terrorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological-profiling-of-terrorists - Essay Example Before Israel was evicted, it had been involved in combat with the Palestine’s Palestine Liberation Organization in Lebanon. Israel had been involved in this war against the Palestine Liberation Organization in the Southern Lebanon where Israel had invaded and sieged Beirut. The Shia Muslim community then rebelled against Israel through guerrilla warfare after recognized that Israel had no aim of leaving Lebanon. This warfare was inducted by a political group in Lebanon known as the Amal Movement meaning hope (Azani, 2011).The Lebanese Shia Muslim Community had sympathized with the Israelites to get rid of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. This later turned to disillusionment when the Israelites held talks with only the ruling Christian pecking order. This infuriated the Muslims as they saw that they were not considered. They also rose up to establish Islamic rule over Lebanon. They had been disproportionately been represented in the country’s institutions. They also were involved in a war with the Israelites in 2006 which led to the death of 1000 Lebanese a 1,000,000 people were displaced. The war started as Lebanon attempted to pressure Israel to release them (Cordesman, 2007).Hezbollah used well laid suicide bombing, killings and by conquering soldiers in the other parts of the Middle East. They continued to fight the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) using suicide attacks. Later the Hezbollah turned into a paramilitary group where they changed their tactics from capturing the Israel soldiers into the use of missiles. and other explosives and detonations. Syria, at the finalization of the Lebanese war, took control over Lebanon and allowed the Hezbollah to keep their military weapons and to control the southern Lebanon and the Israel border (Azani, 2011). Later in 1990’s, Hezbollah turned to a political group where it was involved in elections in 1992 and won the 12 seats it had contested for in the electoral list. Later in 1997, Hezbollah established an army unit to fight against Israel Occupation. Later in the year 2000 Israel withdrew its militia from Lebanon. This signified the victory of Hezbollah. After the withdrawal of the Israel Defense Forces from Lebanon, Hezbollah’s main aim had been accomplished and they now started expanding their influence over other terror groups such as the Palestinian groups in West Bank and Gaza by furnishing them with knowhow on military and even sponsored them financially and with equipments (Azani, 2011). Hezbollah provides social services to the Lebanese community through provision of hospitals and education through schools countrywide. Hezbollah has also organized a Martyr’s Institute which assures to offer living and education costs for their soldiers who die in wars. The United Nations also noticed through an IRIN news report that Hezbollah is not only armed and political wings but also has large social development program where it operates four hospitals, 11 clinics, 11 schools and 2

Children literacy Essay Example for Free

Children literacy Essay The purpose of this story is to improve children literacy. This story helps children to learn different animal names and different things. User can listen and read to story as well. Audience: The audience of this story are children age 4 7 and this story will help them to learn names of different things and animals and will improve their grammar. I found that by reading the story and it also has been mentioned on the website. The purpose of final product is to provide entertainment so I will need to include this feature however I will make sure that the text on my animation is appropriate and simple so that the audience can understand it easily. Techniques used: This animation has used a number of techniques to make it professional and attractive which eventually makes it successful. The animation has used buttons to navigate from scene to other by clicking the story bear or next. Users can start the story again if by clicking back to the start. This buttons are very useful as it allows the user to skip the scene or start the story again if they have missed any scene. I will also make that I use buttons on my animation so that user have some flexibility and can navigate easily. These features will make my animation professional and suitable for my audience. At the start of the animation there are two options to watch the story with sound or without sound. This is the technique used by most professional websites, it helps user to understand the story more easily and make the animation suitable for its purpose. This animation asks user to click on different things, when user click on an object the next scene can be watch. This means this animation has used different objects on different scenes as a button. I will use this technique on my animation as it will allow user to interact with the animation which will keep the user interested in the animation. This technique also makes the animation very professional which is a positive aspect about this animation. The object to click on An effect has been added to some objects so when a user is going to click on it and pointer is on it. The appearance of the object will change; a white border will surround this object. This technique will help users to show that this is the right object to click on to watch next scene. This technique is shown on the above screen shot. In this animation the objects has been used as buttons to make it interactive I will use this technique in my animation. I will also use objects or characters as buttons, which will allow users to watch next scene. I will use buttons on my animation and add effect so that the appearance of these buttons can be change when the pointer is on it. This technique will make my animation more eye-catching and aesthetic. The zoom in and out technique has been used several times in this animation. This technique helps user to see the close of the objects which will help them to understand the story. This is a very useful technique as it clearly shows what is happening in the story. I will use this technique where it is important. This will help me to meet the professional standard. This animation has used clouds and question mark to show that the characters are thinking. The face expression also shows that the characters are thinking because of the eye movement and hands position. Below the screen shots shows the two different characters of the story thinking. This animation is very professional because it shows the face expressions. The face of the Micky becomes red when he is angry. Below the screen shots are showing two different emotions. This is a high quality technique as this makes the story interesting and realistic. I will use this technique in my animation; I will show the facial expression of my characters to make my animation attractive to its audience and professional. This animation used a lot of motion tweens to show the movements. The legs of the characters move forward to show the walking effects, hands move to show that they are talking and thinking. At the start of the story the leaves are falling down. The birds beak is moving to show the talking effect, the eye balls of almost all characters are moving and the story bear is moving his one foot while thinking. This is a positive aspect on this animation as it makes the animation more interesting and realistic. I will definitely use motion tweens in my animation to show the characters walking and playing and to show the movements of objects. This will help me to create a realistic and appealing final product. Navigation and interaction: This animation is users friendly as its navigation is very effective. To watch the next scene users have to click next or story bear button, this button will also helps user to skip scene. There is another button start the story again which allow user to watch the story again. This gives the user some flexibility. This animation interacts with the users a lot as user have to click the button to watch the next scene and it also asks user to click on different objects. This animation allow user to get involve in the story which will keep their interest till the end. Strengths: Techniques: There are number of good points about this story. These strengths make the animation suitable for its purpose and audience. First of all the animation has used range of techniques. Such as motion tweens, zoom in, face expressions and user interaction. These techniques made the story interesting and professional. This animation also uses clouds to show what the characters are thinking. I will be using some of these techniques to ensure that my product is to the best possible standard. Another good point about this animation is that the scenes flow in a sequence which makes it suitable for its audience, as it is very easy for its audience to understand what is going in the story. I will make sure that the sequence of scenes of my animation is easy to understand and appropriate for my target audience so that they can enjoy the story. Characters and objects: This animation has got six different characters and used a lot of objects. The number of characters are appropriate as they not too much which makes the animation crowdy and audience would not be able to understand whats happening in the story or there not very few characters which makes the story boring. I will also make sure that the number of characters in my animation is appropriate so that my animation is not boring or crowded. This will make my animation suitable for its audience. Sound and text: The story has an option which allow user to listen to the story as well as reading. This is a good point of this animation because it makes the animation suitable for the purpose it has made for by improving their listening skills. The text of this animation is appropriate for its audience and help to keep the users interest till the end. I will include sound and text on my animation so that the users can understand the story easily by listening or reading it. This will give users some flexibility. I will also include some other sounds for example sound of a ball kick to make my animation vibrant and professional.